Relacje władzy między pracodawcami a potencjalnymi pracownikami odzwierciedlone w strukturach gramatycznych ogłoszeń rekrutacyjnych
SOCJOLINGWISTYKA,
Tom 31 (2017): Socjolingwistyka
Abstrakt
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie relacji władzy/nadrzędności między pracodawcami i potencjalnymi pracownikami, jakie odzwierciedlane są w strukturach gramatycznych ogłoszeń rekrutacyjnych. Tło dla badania stanowią założenia teoretyczne Krytycznej Analizy Dyskursu oraz koncepcje związane z zagadnieniami budowania marki pracodawcy, w myśl których zatrudniający powinni traktować obecnych i przyszłych pracowników w sposób podobnie rzetelny i troskliwy, w jaki traktują klientów. Analiza warstwy gramatycznej 236 ogłoszeń rekrutacyjnych ma na celu zbadanie, czy struktury gramatyczne występujące w korpusie odzwierciedlają zrównoważoną relację między pracodawcami i kandydatami oraz równomierność i obopólność korzyści. Wyniki badania, szczególnie te odnoszące się do użycia zaimków osobowych i czasowników modalnych, sugerują, że relacje te nie są w pełni równorzędne.
Słowa kluczowe
- Asprey S. 2005: Recruitment Advertising, [in:] Mackay A.R. (ed.), The Practice of Advertising, 5th edition, Oxford: Elsevier, 268–280.
- Bargiela-Chiappini F., Nickerson C., Planken B. 2007: Business Discourse, Houndmills: Palgrave/MacMillan.
- Barrow S., Mosley R. 2005: The Employer Brand: Bringing the Best of Brand Management to People at Work, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
- Bourdieu P. 1986: The Forms of Capital, [in:] Richardson J.G. (ed.), The Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Capital, New York: Greenwood Press, 241–258.
- Bourdieu P. 1991: Language and Symbolic Power, Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Bourdieu P. 1994: Structures, Habitus, Power: Basis for a Theory of Symbolic Power, [in:] Dirks N.B., Eley G., Ortner S.B. (eds.), Culture, Power, History: A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 155–199.
- Byars L.L., Rue L. 2000: Human Resources Management, 6th edition, New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
- Deetz S., McClellan J.G. 2009: Critical Studies, [in:] Bargiela-Chiappini F. (ed.), The Handbook of Business Discourse, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 119–131.
- Dijk T.A. van 1993: Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis, Discourse & Society 4(2), 249–283.
- Dijk T.A. van 2001: Critical Discourse Analysis, [in:] Hamilton H.E., Schiffrin D., Tannen D. (eds.),The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Oxford: Blackwell, 352–371.
- Dijk T.A. van 2009: Critical Discourse Studies: A Sociocognitive Approach, [in:] Wodak R., Meyer M.(eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Sage Publications, 62–86.
- Dirven R., Polzenhagen F., Wolf H.-G. 2007: Cognitive Linguistics, Ideology, and Critical Discourse Analysis, [in:] Geeraerts D., Cuyckens H. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1223–1240.
- Edwards M.R. 2005: Employer and Employee Branding: HR or PR?, [in:] Bach S. (ed.), Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition, 4th edition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 266–286.
- Fairclough N. 1992: Discourse and Social Change, Cambridge: Polity.
- Fairclough N. 1995: Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language, London–New York: Longman.
- Fairclough N. 2001: Language and Power, 2nd edition, Harlow: Pearson–Longman.
- Fairclough N. 2003: Analyzing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research, London: Routledge.
- Fairclough N., Duszak A. 2008: Krytyczna analiza dyskursu — nowy obszar badawczy dla lingwistykii nauk społecznych, [in:] Duszak A., Fairclough N. (eds.), Krytyczna analiza dyskursu. Interdyscyplinarne podejście do komunikacji społecznej, Kraków: Universitas, 7–29.
- Foster M. 2003: Recruiting on the Web: Smart Strategies for Finding the Perfect Candidate, New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Foucault M. 1980: Power/Knowledge, Brighton, UK: Harvester.
- Foucault M. 1991: Discipline and Punish: The Birth of a Prison, London: Penguin.
- Foucault M. 1998: The History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge, London: Penguin.
- Fox R., Fox J. 2004: Organizational Discourse: A Language — Ideology — Power Perspective, Westport, CT: Praeger.
- Gimenez J. 2009: Media Communications, [in:] Bargiela-Chiapini F. (ed.), The Handbook of Business Discourse, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 132–141.
- Głowicka A. 2009: Przejawy Employer Branding w działalności firmy PriceWaterCoopers, [in:] Gołaszewska-Kaczan U. (ed.), Czas na EB*. Employer Branding and Corporate Social Responsibility, Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 73–79.
- Hill B., Tande C. 2006: Total Rewards: The Employee Value Proposition, Workspan 10(6), 19–22.
- Holbeche L. 2009: Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy, 2nd edition, Oxford: Elsevier.
- Jones A. 2009: Business Discourse as a Site for Inherent Struggle, [in:] Mahboob A., Lipovsky C. (eds.), Studies in Applied Linguistics and Language Learning, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 85–107.
- Jørgensen M., Phillips L. 2002: Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method, London: SAGE Publications.
- Karlberg M. 2005: The Power of Discourse and the Discourse of Power: Pursuing Peace through Discourse Intervention, International Journal of Peace Studies 10(1), 1–23.
- Lukes S. (ed.). 1986: Power, New York: New York University Press.
- Łącka-Badura J. 2015: Recruitment Advertising as an Instrument of Employer Branding: A linguistic perspective, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Martin G., Hetrick S. 2006: Corporate Reputations, Branding and People Management: A Strategic Approach to HR, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Mautner G. 2008: Analiza gazet, czasopism i innych mediów drukowanych, [in:] Wodak R., Krzyżanowski M.(eds.), Jakościowa analiza dyskursu w naukach społecznych, trans. D. Przepiórkowska, Warszawa: OficynaWydawnicza Łośgraf, 49–85.
- Mayr A. 2008: Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse, London: Continuum.
- Meurs F. van 2010: English in Job Advertisements in the Netherlands: Reasons, Use and Effects, Utrecht: LOT.
- Nickerson C., Planken B. 2009: Europe: The State of the Field, [in:] Bargiela-Chiappini F. (ed.), The Handbookof Business Discourse, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 18–29.
- Rafaeli A. 2001: Employee-Organizational Relationships in Employment Ads, [in:] Erez M., Kleinbeck U.,Thierry H. (eds.), Work Motivation in the Context of a Globalizing Economy, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 247–260.
- Roberts G. 1997: Recruitment and Selection: A Competency Approach, London: CIPD Publishing.
- Secord H. 2003: Implementing Best Practices in Human Resources Management, CCH Canadian Limited.
- Taylor S. 2005: People Resourcing, 3rd edition, Trowbridge: Cromwell Press.
- Torrington D., Hall L., Taylor S. 2005: Human Resource Management, 6th edition, Harlow: PearsonEducation.
- Wartenberg Th.E. 1990: The Forms of Power: From Domination to Transformation, Philadelphia: TempleUniversity Press.
- Welsing C. 2006: HR Marketing: A New Perspective on Human Resources Management, Amsterdam: Pearson Education Benelux.
- Wodak R., Meyer M. 2009: Critical Discourse Analysis: History, Agenda, Theory, and Methodology, [in:] Wodak R., Meyer M. (eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: SAGE Publications, 1– 33.
- Woods N. 2006: Describing Discourse: A Practical Guide to Discourse Analysis, London: Hodder Arnold.
- Wrong D.H. 1997: Power: Its Forms, Bases, and Uses, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Referencje
Asprey S. 2005: Recruitment Advertising, [in:] Mackay A.R. (ed.), The Practice of Advertising, 5th edition, Oxford: Elsevier, 268–280.
Bargiela-Chiappini F., Nickerson C., Planken B. 2007: Business Discourse, Houndmills: Palgrave/MacMillan.
Barrow S., Mosley R. 2005: The Employer Brand: Bringing the Best of Brand Management to People at Work, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Bourdieu P. 1986: The Forms of Capital, [in:] Richardson J.G. (ed.), The Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Capital, New York: Greenwood Press, 241–258.
Bourdieu P. 1991: Language and Symbolic Power, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bourdieu P. 1994: Structures, Habitus, Power: Basis for a Theory of Symbolic Power, [in:] Dirks N.B., Eley G., Ortner S.B. (eds.), Culture, Power, History: A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 155–199.
Byars L.L., Rue L. 2000: Human Resources Management, 6th edition, New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Deetz S., McClellan J.G. 2009: Critical Studies, [in:] Bargiela-Chiappini F. (ed.), The Handbook of Business Discourse, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 119–131.
Dijk T.A. van 1993: Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis, Discourse & Society 4(2), 249–283.
Dijk T.A. van 2001: Critical Discourse Analysis, [in:] Hamilton H.E., Schiffrin D., Tannen D. (eds.),The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Oxford: Blackwell, 352–371.
Dijk T.A. van 2009: Critical Discourse Studies: A Sociocognitive Approach, [in:] Wodak R., Meyer M.(eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Sage Publications, 62–86.
Dirven R., Polzenhagen F., Wolf H.-G. 2007: Cognitive Linguistics, Ideology, and Critical Discourse Analysis, [in:] Geeraerts D., Cuyckens H. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1223–1240.
Edwards M.R. 2005: Employer and Employee Branding: HR or PR?, [in:] Bach S. (ed.), Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition, 4th edition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 266–286.
Fairclough N. 1992: Discourse and Social Change, Cambridge: Polity.
Fairclough N. 1995: Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language, London–New York: Longman.
Fairclough N. 2001: Language and Power, 2nd edition, Harlow: Pearson–Longman.
Fairclough N. 2003: Analyzing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research, London: Routledge.
Fairclough N., Duszak A. 2008: Krytyczna analiza dyskursu — nowy obszar badawczy dla lingwistykii nauk społecznych, [in:] Duszak A., Fairclough N. (eds.), Krytyczna analiza dyskursu. Interdyscyplinarne podejście do komunikacji społecznej, Kraków: Universitas, 7–29.
Foster M. 2003: Recruiting on the Web: Smart Strategies for Finding the Perfect Candidate, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Foucault M. 1980: Power/Knowledge, Brighton, UK: Harvester.
Foucault M. 1991: Discipline and Punish: The Birth of a Prison, London: Penguin.
Foucault M. 1998: The History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge, London: Penguin.
Fox R., Fox J. 2004: Organizational Discourse: A Language — Ideology — Power Perspective, Westport, CT: Praeger.
Gimenez J. 2009: Media Communications, [in:] Bargiela-Chiapini F. (ed.), The Handbook of Business Discourse, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 132–141.
Głowicka A. 2009: Przejawy Employer Branding w działalności firmy PriceWaterCoopers, [in:] Gołaszewska-Kaczan U. (ed.), Czas na EB*. Employer Branding and Corporate Social Responsibility, Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 73–79.
Hill B., Tande C. 2006: Total Rewards: The Employee Value Proposition, Workspan 10(6), 19–22.
Holbeche L. 2009: Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy, 2nd edition, Oxford: Elsevier.
Jones A. 2009: Business Discourse as a Site for Inherent Struggle, [in:] Mahboob A., Lipovsky C. (eds.), Studies in Applied Linguistics and Language Learning, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 85–107.
Jørgensen M., Phillips L. 2002: Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method, London: SAGE Publications.
Karlberg M. 2005: The Power of Discourse and the Discourse of Power: Pursuing Peace through Discourse Intervention, International Journal of Peace Studies 10(1), 1–23.
Lukes S. (ed.). 1986: Power, New York: New York University Press.
Łącka-Badura J. 2015: Recruitment Advertising as an Instrument of Employer Branding: A linguistic perspective, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Martin G., Hetrick S. 2006: Corporate Reputations, Branding and People Management: A Strategic Approach to HR, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Mautner G. 2008: Analiza gazet, czasopism i innych mediów drukowanych, [in:] Wodak R., Krzyżanowski M.(eds.), Jakościowa analiza dyskursu w naukach społecznych, trans. D. Przepiórkowska, Warszawa: OficynaWydawnicza Łośgraf, 49–85.
Mayr A. 2008: Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse, London: Continuum.
Meurs F. van 2010: English in Job Advertisements in the Netherlands: Reasons, Use and Effects, Utrecht: LOT.
Nickerson C., Planken B. 2009: Europe: The State of the Field, [in:] Bargiela-Chiappini F. (ed.), The Handbookof Business Discourse, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 18–29.
Rafaeli A. 2001: Employee-Organizational Relationships in Employment Ads, [in:] Erez M., Kleinbeck U.,Thierry H. (eds.), Work Motivation in the Context of a Globalizing Economy, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 247–260.
Roberts G. 1997: Recruitment and Selection: A Competency Approach, London: CIPD Publishing.
Secord H. 2003: Implementing Best Practices in Human Resources Management, CCH Canadian Limited.
Taylor S. 2005: People Resourcing, 3rd edition, Trowbridge: Cromwell Press.
Torrington D., Hall L., Taylor S. 2005: Human Resource Management, 6th edition, Harlow: PearsonEducation.
Wartenberg Th.E. 1990: The Forms of Power: From Domination to Transformation, Philadelphia: TempleUniversity Press.
Welsing C. 2006: HR Marketing: A New Perspective on Human Resources Management, Amsterdam: Pearson Education Benelux.
Wodak R., Meyer M. 2009: Critical Discourse Analysis: History, Agenda, Theory, and Methodology, [in:] Wodak R., Meyer M. (eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: SAGE Publications, 1– 33.
Woods N. 2006: Describing Discourse: A Practical Guide to Discourse Analysis, London: Hodder Arnold.
Wrong D.H. 1997: Power: Its Forms, Bases, and Uses, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.