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Rama satelitarna czy czasownikowa? W kierunku typologii zdarzeń ruchowych w języku angielskim jako lingua franca
Kontakt: Katarzyna Piątkowska
SOCJOLINGWISTYKA,
Tom 35 (2021): Socjolingwistyka
Abstrakt
Niniejszy artykuł analizuje język angielski jako lingua franca (ang. ELF) z perspektywy typologii Talmiego (2000b), która dzieli języki na typy S i V. Języki S wyrażają ścieżkę ruchu w partykule czasownika a sposób ruchu w samym czasowniku, podczas gdy języki V kodują ścieżkę w czasowniku a sposób ruchu w przysłówku. Typologia Talmiego (2000a) została z powodzeniem zastosowana w badaniach nad językami standardowymi. Jednak badania (Berthele 2004) wykazały, że podział na kategorie S i V może nie być wystarczający w przypadku języków kontaktowych. Aby sprawdzić tę hipotezę, stosujemy rozróżnienie typologiczne Talmiego (2000a) na język angielski jako lingua franca. Na podstawie wyników jakościowego badania pilotażowego wśród polskich użytkowników języka angielskiego pokazujemy, że chociaż polski i angielski są klasyfikowane jako języki S zgodnie z typologią Talmiego (2000b), ELF (język kontaktowy) wykazuje cechy jeszcze niesklasyfikowane jako należące do typu S lub V. W związku z tym dochodzimy do wniosku, że dychotomiczne rozróżnienie Talmiego (2000b, 2017) wymaga dalszych udoskonaleń, aby można je było zastosować w kontekście języka angielskiego jako lingua franca.
Słowa kluczowe
- Alptekin, C. 2013. “English as a lingua franca through a usage-based perspective: Merging the social and the cognitive in language use”. Language Culture and Curriculum 26 (2): 197–207.
- Berman, R., and D. Slobin, eds. 1994. Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Berthele, R. 2004. “The typology of motion and posture verbs: a variationist account”. In Dialectology Meets Typology. Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective, ed. B. Kortmann. Berlin–New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 93–126.
- Cadierno, T. 2008. “Learning to talk about motion in a foreign language”. In Handbook of Cognitive Linguitcs and Second Language Acquisition, eds. P. Robinson and N.C. Ellis. New York–London: Routledge, 239–275.
- Council of Europe. 2017. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Companion Volume with New Descriptors. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
- Fortis, J.-M. 2010. Space in Language. Leipzig Summer School.
- Hall, Ch. 2018. “Cognitive perspectives on English as a lingua franca”. In The Roudledge Handbook of English as a Lingua Franca, eds. J. Jenkins, W. Baker and M. Dewey. New York: Routledge, 74–84. Han, Z., and T. Cadierno, eds. 2010. Linguistic relativity in second language acquisition: Thinking-for-speaking. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. 2017. “Motion and semantic typology: A hot old topic with exciting caveats”. In Motion and Space across Languages: Theory and applications, ed. I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 13–18.
- Jenkins, J. 2006. “Current perspectives on teaching World Englishes and English as a lingua franca”. TESOL Quarterly 40 (1): 157–181.
- Jenkins, J. 2012. “English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom”. ELT Journal 66 (4): 486–494.
- Ji, Y. 2019. “Linguistic and mental representations of caused motion in Chinese and English children”. In Cognitive Linguistics and the Study of Chinese, eds. D. Shu, H. Zhang and L. Zhang. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 285–308.
- Kopecka-Piech, K. 2010. “Convergent Landscape. 39 and Half as a (Multi) Promotional Intertext”. Journal of Education Culture and Society 2: 139-155.
- Langacker, R. 2008. Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Lewandowski, W. 2014. “The locative alternation in verb-framed vs. satellite-framed languages”. Studies in Language 38 (4): 864–895.
- Lewandowski, W., and J. Mateu. 2016. “Thinking for translating and intra-typological variation in satellite-framed languages”. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 14 (1): 185–208.
- Łozińska, J., and B. Pietrewicz. “Lexicalisation of Vertical Motion. A Study of three Satellite-Framed Languages”. Cognitive Studies 18: 1–13.
- Mauranen, A. 2018. “Conceptualising ELF”. In The Roudledge Handbook of English as a Lingua Franca, eds. J. Jenkins, W. Baker and M. Dewey. New York: Routledge, 7–24.
- Rice, S. 2002. “Figure/Motion/Manner/Path Conflation Patterns in the Dene Sųɬiné Verb”. 2002 Athapaskan Languages Conference. Fairbanks, Alaska, 16–18 June 2002.
- Sachs, A. 2010. Motion Events in Seri: Applying Talmy’s Typologies. Unpublished MA thesis.
- Seidlhofer, B. 2011. Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Slobin, D. 2004. “The many ways to search for a frog: Linguistic typology and the expression of motion events”. In Relating events in narrative. Typological and contextual perspectives, eds. S. Strömqvist and L. Verhoeven. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 219–257.
- Stocker, K., and B. Laeng. 2017. “Analog and digital windowing of attention in language, visual perception, and the brain”. Cognitive Semantics 3 (2): 158–181.
- Talmy, L. 2000a. Toward a Cognitive Semantics, vol. 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Talmy, L. 2000b. Toward a Cognitive Semantics, vol. 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Talmy, L. 2017. “Past, present and future of motion research”. In Motion and Space across Languages: Theory and applications, ed. I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 13–38.
- Tom and Jerry, The Milky Waif, 1946. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgFK9b_4do8 (July 2, 2020).
Referencje
Alptekin, C. 2013. “English as a lingua franca through a usage-based perspective: Merging the social and the cognitive in language use”. Language Culture and Curriculum 26 (2): 197–207.
Berman, R., and D. Slobin, eds. 1994. Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Berthele, R. 2004. “The typology of motion and posture verbs: a variationist account”. In Dialectology Meets Typology. Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective, ed. B. Kortmann. Berlin–New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 93–126.
Cadierno, T. 2008. “Learning to talk about motion in a foreign language”. In Handbook of Cognitive Linguitcs and Second Language Acquisition, eds. P. Robinson and N.C. Ellis. New York–London: Routledge, 239–275.
Council of Europe. 2017. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Companion Volume with New Descriptors. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Fortis, J.-M. 2010. Space in Language. Leipzig Summer School.
Hall, Ch. 2018. “Cognitive perspectives on English as a lingua franca”. In The Roudledge Handbook of English as a Lingua Franca, eds. J. Jenkins, W. Baker and M. Dewey. New York: Routledge, 74–84. Han, Z., and T. Cadierno, eds. 2010. Linguistic relativity in second language acquisition: Thinking-for-speaking. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. 2017. “Motion and semantic typology: A hot old topic with exciting caveats”. In Motion and Space across Languages: Theory and applications, ed. I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 13–18.
Jenkins, J. 2006. “Current perspectives on teaching World Englishes and English as a lingua franca”. TESOL Quarterly 40 (1): 157–181.
Jenkins, J. 2012. “English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom”. ELT Journal 66 (4): 486–494.
Ji, Y. 2019. “Linguistic and mental representations of caused motion in Chinese and English children”. In Cognitive Linguistics and the Study of Chinese, eds. D. Shu, H. Zhang and L. Zhang. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 285–308.
Kopecka-Piech, K. 2010. “Convergent Landscape. 39 and Half as a (Multi) Promotional Intertext”. Journal of Education Culture and Society 2: 139-155.
Langacker, R. 2008. Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lewandowski, W. 2014. “The locative alternation in verb-framed vs. satellite-framed languages”. Studies in Language 38 (4): 864–895.
Lewandowski, W., and J. Mateu. 2016. “Thinking for translating and intra-typological variation in satellite-framed languages”. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 14 (1): 185–208.
Łozińska, J., and B. Pietrewicz. “Lexicalisation of Vertical Motion. A Study of three Satellite-Framed Languages”. Cognitive Studies 18: 1–13.
Mauranen, A. 2018. “Conceptualising ELF”. In The Roudledge Handbook of English as a Lingua Franca, eds. J. Jenkins, W. Baker and M. Dewey. New York: Routledge, 7–24.
Rice, S. 2002. “Figure/Motion/Manner/Path Conflation Patterns in the Dene Sųɬiné Verb”. 2002 Athapaskan Languages Conference. Fairbanks, Alaska, 16–18 June 2002.
Sachs, A. 2010. Motion Events in Seri: Applying Talmy’s Typologies. Unpublished MA thesis.
Seidlhofer, B. 2011. Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Slobin, D. 2004. “The many ways to search for a frog: Linguistic typology and the expression of motion events”. In Relating events in narrative. Typological and contextual perspectives, eds. S. Strömqvist and L. Verhoeven. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 219–257.
Stocker, K., and B. Laeng. 2017. “Analog and digital windowing of attention in language, visual perception, and the brain”. Cognitive Semantics 3 (2): 158–181.
Talmy, L. 2000a. Toward a Cognitive Semantics, vol. 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Talmy, L. 2000b. Toward a Cognitive Semantics, vol. 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Talmy, L. 2017. “Past, present and future of motion research”. In Motion and Space across Languages: Theory and applications, ed. I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 13–38.
Tom and Jerry, The Milky Waif, 1946. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgFK9b_4do8 (July 2, 2020).