Numer

Tom 35 (2021): Socjolingwistyka

Creative Commons License

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Elementy humorystyczne w znakach chińskich – perspektywa społeczno-kulturowa i historyczna

https://doi.org/10.17651/SOCJOLING.35.3
Li-Chi Chen
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-3959
Anna Sroka-Grądziel
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-2625
Fu-Lan Lee
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-3384
Eryk Hajndrych
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-4177

Kontakt: Li-Chi Chen

leszek.chen@gmail.com

SOCJOLINGWISTYKA, Tom 35 (2021): Socjolingwistyka

Abstrakt




Celem artykułu jest ukazanie elementów humorystycznych zawartych w znakach chińskich w perspektywie społeczno-kulturowej i historycznej. Podjęta analiza opiera się na definicji śmiechu sformułowanej przez Bergsona ([1911] 2014) oraz dwóch funkcjach chińskiego humoru – 寓教於樂 tzw. ‘zawieranie morału w rozrywce’ (Liao 2001) oraz 會心微笑 tzw. ‘szczery śmiech lub wymowny uśmiech’ (L.-C. Chen 2017). Materiał badawczy wykorzystany w badaniu pochodzi z różnorodnych źródeł internetowych i literackich, oraz z repertuaru językowego autorów. Badanie pozwoliło na wyróżnienie sześciu źródeł humoru zawartego w znakach chińskich: (a) formy wizualne znaków; (b) dekompozycja znaków; (c) chińskie ligatury; (d) chiń- skie gry słów na bazie homofonów; (e) błędne odczytywania podobnych znaków; oraz (f) zapożyczenia z kanji – znaków chińskich używanych w języku japońskim. Wyniki pracy sugerują, że humorystyczność poszczególnych znaków wiąże się z posiadaniem ludzkich cech behawioralnych i ukrytych pouczeń, które to prowadzą do wywołania w odbiorcy będącego członkiem społeczności chińskojęzycznej ‘szczerego śmiechu lub wymownego uśmiechu’.




Słowa kluczowe

znaki chińskie chińskie ligatury homofoniczne gry słowne zachowanie ludzkie humor Chinese characters Chinese ligatures homophonic puns human behavior humor
Referencje
  1. Algeo, J., ed. 1991. Fifty Years among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms, 1941–1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  2. Bergson, H. [1911] 2014. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Mansfield Center, CT: Martino Publishing.
  3. Chen, G.-J. 1985. Zhōngguó Gǔdài Xiàohuà Yánjiù [A Study of Ancient Chinese Jokes]. Taipei: National Taiwan Normal University MA Thesis.
  4. Chen, L.-C. 2016. “A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis of Wúlítóu ‘Nonsense’ in Taiwanese Verbal Interactions”. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 12 (1): 53–76.
  5. Chen, L.-C. 2017. Taiwanese and Polish Humor: A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  6. Chen, S.-F., and L.-C. Chen. 2012. “‘Ài Jiù Zhái Yìqǐ!’: Táiwān ‘Zhái’-lèi Xīn Cíyǔ Tòushì” [“Love Is to Zhái Together!”: A Study of the Neologism “Zhái” in Taiwan Mandarin]. The Journal of Chinese Sociolinguistics 16: 72–82.
  7. Dynel, M. 2009. Humorous Garden-Paths: A Pragmatic-Cognitive Study. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  8. Fong, M. 2000. “‘Luck Talk’ in Celebrating the Chinese New Year”. Journal of Pragmatics 32 (2): 219–237.
  9. Gauthier, I., and J.W. Tanaka. 2002. “Configural and Holistic Face Processing: The Whole Story”. Journal of Vision 2 (7): 616.
  10. Hayashi, C. 2005. “Nihongo no Moji to Shoki” [Characters and Writing in Japanese Language]. In Asakura Nihongo Kōza 2: Moji, Shoki [Asakura Lectures on Japanese Language 2: Characters and Writing], eds. Y. Kitahara and C. Hayashi. Tokyo: Asakura Shoten, 1–21.
  11. Hoosain, R. 1991. Psycholinguistic Implications for Linguistic Relativity: A Case Study of Chinese. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  12. Hsieh, S.C.-Y., and H.-L. Hsu. 2006. “Japan Mania and Japanese Loanwords in Taiwan Mandarin: Lexical Structure and Social Discourse”. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 34 (1): 44–79.
  13. Huang, C.-S. 2009. Jiěyí Biān: Zhōngguó Gǔdài Xiàohuà Zhuāntí Yánjiù [To Burst Out Laughing: Studies on Classical Chinese Jokes]. Taipei: Le Jin.
  14. Liao, C.-C. 2001. Taiwanese Perceptions of Humor: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Taipei: Crane.
  15. Liao, C.-C. 2003a. “Taiwanese versus Japanese Sense of Humor”. The National Chi Nan University Journal 6 (2): 83–112.
  16. Liao, C.-C. 2003b. Jokes, Humor and Chinese People. Taipei: Crane.
  17. Liao, C.-C. 2003c. “Humor versus Huaji”. Journal of Language and Linguistics 2 (1): 25–46.
  18. Liu, T., T.Y. Chuk, S.-L. Yeh, and J.H. Hsiao. 2016. “Transfer or Perceptual Expertise: The Case of Simplified and Traditional Chinese Character Recognition”. Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal 40 (8): 1941–1968.
  19. Maurer, D., R. Le Grand, and C.J. Mondloch. 2002. “The Many Faces of Configural Processing”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 (6): 255–260.
  20. McCleery, J.P., L. Zhang, L. Ge, Z. Wang, E.M. Christiansen, K. Lee, and G.W. Cottrell. 2008. “The Roles of Visual Expertise and Visual Input in the Face Inversion Effect: Behavioral and Neurocomputational Evidence”. Vision Research 48 (5): 703–715.
  21. Oring, E. 2003. Engaging Humor. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  22. Rusk, B. 2007. “Old Scripts, New Actors: European Encounters with Chinese Writing, 1550–1700”. East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 26: 68–116.
  23. Shi, D., and W. Luo. 2013. Hànzì de Zhìhuì [The Wisdom of Chinese Characters]. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University Press.
  24. Shultz, T.R. 1976. “A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Humor”. In Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, eds. A.J. Chapman and H.C. Foot. London: John Wiley and Sons, 11–36.
  25. Suls, J. 1972. “A Two-Stage Model for the Appreciation of Jokes and Cartoons: An Information Processing Analysis”. In The Psychology of Humor, eds. J. Goldstein and P. McGhee. New York, NY: Academic Press, 81–100.
  26. Suls, J. 1983. “Cognitive Process in Humor Appreciation”. In Handbook of Humor Research, vol. 1, eds. P. McGhee and J. Goldstein. New York, NY: Springer Verlag, 39–57.
  27. Tang, L., and P. Yang. 2011. “Symbolic Power and the Internet: The Power of a ‘Horse’”. Media, Culture and Society 33 (5): 675–691.
  28. Tang, T.-C. 1989. “Xīncí Chuàngzào yǔ Hànyǔ Cífǎ” [The Creation of New Words and Chinese Morphol- ogy]. In Hànyǔ Cífǎ Jùfǎ Xùjí [Further Writings on Chinese Morphology and Syntax], ed. T.-C. Tang. Taipei: Student Book Company, 93–146.
  29. Tong, L.-Y.C. 1999. Discourse Is Fun: A Linguistic Study of Xiangsheng. Taichung: Providence University MA Thesis.
  30. Wei, B. 2014. “The Origin and Evolvement of Chinese Characters”. Gdańsk Journal of East Asian Studies 5: 33–44.
  31. Williams, C., and T. Bever. 2010. “Chinese Character Decoding: A Semantic Bias?”. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 23 (5): 589–605.
  32. Yamaguchi, H. 1988. “How to Pull Strings with Words: Deceptive Violations in the Garden-Path Joke”. Journal of Pragmatics 12 (3): 323–337.
  33. Yang, L. 2017. “Platforms, Practices, and Politics: A Snapshot of Networked Fan Communities in China”. In The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, eds. G. Goggin and M. McLelland. New York, NY-London: Routledge, 370–383.
  34. Yu, W.-C. 2014. “Hànyīng Wénzì de Yōumò Xiūcí Gōngnéng Qiǎntàn” [A Survey on Chinese and English Writing Systems in the Delivery of Humor]. Yǔyán yǔ Fānyì 1: 5–13.
  35. Yue, X.D. 2010. “Exploration of Chinese Humor: Historical Review, Empirical Findings, and Critical Reflections”. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 23 (3): 403–420.
  36. Zhao, J.-F. 2014. “Qiǎntán ‘Jiǒng’-zì” [A Brief Discussion on the Chinese Word “Jiǒng”]. Journal of Yuncheng University 32 (4): 84–86.
  37. Zhou, Z. 2014. “The Six Principles of Chinese Writing and Their Application to Design as Design Idea”. Studies in Literature and Language 8 (3): 84–88.
  38. WWW1. https://hk.appledaily.com/news/art/20100401/13884022 (March 3, 2021).
  39. WWW2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass_Mud_Horse (March 3, 2021).
  40. WWW3. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2009/03/12/world/asia/12beast.html (March 3, 2021).
  41. WWW4. https://m.facebook.com/Bikhim/photos/a.271199425686/10156795227580687/?type=3&source=48 (November 14, 2019).
  42. WWW5. https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20190409ent003/ (November 16, 2019).
Read More

Biogramy autorów

Li-Chi Chen - Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy

Li-Chi Chen is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Linguistics at Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland. His research interests lie in discourse analysis, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics, particularly in the fields of the linguistics of humor, language and gender, language and culture, nonverbal communication, and comicbook studies.

Anna Sroka-Grądziel - Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy

Anna Sroka-Grądziel is a research-teaching assistant in the Faculty of Linguistics at Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland, and PhD candidate in the Faculty of Languages at University of Gdansk, Poland. Her research interests lie in lexical semantics of Chinese language in the cognitive paradigm in linguistics, and in particular, linguistic picture of the world, language of emotions, as well as sinological glottodidactics.

Fu-Lan Lee - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Fu-Lan Lee is a lecturer in the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań, Poland. She teaches Mandarin language skills to students ranging from beginner to advanced-high learners, employing comprehensible input strategy in her classes for language acquisition and fluency. She also focuses on acquisition of Chinese characters and tones.

Eryk Hajndrych - Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy

Eryk Hajndrych is a research-teaching assistant in the Faculty of Linguistics at Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland. His research interests lie in Asian literatures, focusing on contemporary Taiwanese, Japanese, and Chinese literary works, and socio-pragmatics, particularly in the fields of language and culture and visual language.

Pobierz PDF
PDF (ENGLISH)
Statystyki
Przeczytano : 509 Pobrano: 221

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.